drum development

CINEMAT revelado en tambor m

GEN tambor m

1) разработка; проектирование; опытно-конструкторские работы, ОКР; проектно-конструкторские работы; конструирование

2) развитие, совершенствование, доводка, отладка

3) горн. вскрытие; подготовка ( месторождения)

4) нефт. разработка ( месторождения)

5) застройка; строительство

6) строительный объект

7) матем. вывод ( формулы)

8) матем. разложение ( в ряд)

9) развёртывание ( проекции)

10) проявление ( плёнки); обработка ( фотоматериалов)

< print> (magnetic brush development) ■ Magnetwalze f

SUBJECT AREA: Railways and locomotives

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Brotan, who was Chief Engineer of the main workshops of the Royal Austrian State Railways at Gmund, found that locomotive inner fireboxes of the usual type were both expensive, because the copper from which they were made had to be imported, and short-lived, because of corrosion resulting from the use of coal with high sulphur content. He designed a firebox of which the side and rear walls comprised rows of vertical watertubes, expanded at their lower ends into a tubular foundation ring and at the top into a longitudinal water/steam drum. This projected forward above the boiler barrel (which was of the usual firetube type, though of small diameter), to which it was connected. Copper plates were eliminated, as were firebox stays.

The first boiler to incorporate a Brotan firebox was built at Gmund under the inventor's supervision and replaced the earlier boiler of a 0−6−0 in 1901. The increased radiantly heated surface was found to produce a boiler with very good steaming qualities, while the working pressure too could be increased, with consequent fuel economies. Further locomotives in Austria and, experimentally, elsewhere were equipped with Brotan boilers.

Disadvantages of the boiler were the necessity of keeping the tubes clear of scale, and a degree of structural weakness. The Swiss engineer E. Deffner improved the latter aspect by eliminating the forward extension of the water/steam drum, replacing it with a large-diameter boiler barrel with the rear section of tapered wagon-top type so that the front of the water/steam drum could be joined directly to the rear tubeplate. The first locomotives to be fitted with this Brotan-Deffner boiler were two 4−6−0s for the Swiss Federal Railways in 1908 and showed very favourable results. However, steam locomotive development ceased in Switzerland a few years later in favour of electrification, but boilers of the Brotan-Deffner type and further developments of it were used in many other European countries, notably Hungary, where more than 1,000 were built. They were also used experimentally in the USA: for instance, Samuel Vauclain, as President of Baldwin Locomotive Works, sent his senior design engineer to study Hungarian experience and then had a high-powered 4−8−0 built with a watertube firebox. On stationary test this produced the very high figure of 4,515 ihp (3,370 kW), but further development work was frustrated by the trade depression commencing in 1929. In France, Gaston du Bousquet had obtained good results from experimental installations of Brotan-Deffner-type boilers, and incorporated one into one of his high-powered 4−6−4s of 1910. Experiments were terminated suddenly by his death, followed by the First World War, but thirty-five years later André Chapelon proposed using a watertube firebox to obtain the high pressure needed for a triple-expansion, high-powered, steam locomotive, development of which was overtaken by electrification.

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- overhead way machine

1 brake (automobiles).

¡echa el freno! (informal) put a sock in it!, that's enough of that!; (detente, cállate) don't get carried away! (no te pases)

pisar el freno to step on the brakes

frenos ABS ABS brakes

freno automático automatic brake

frenos de disco disk brakes

freno de mano handbrake (British), emergency brake (United States)

2 bit.

3 check.

poner freno a to put a stop to

4 restraint, curb, deterrent, bridle.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: frenar.

* * *

► nombre masculino

1 (de auto) brake

2 (de caballería) bit

3 figurado (contención) curb, check

\

morder el freno figurado to champ at the bit

poner freno a algo figurado to curb something

poner el freno to put on the brake

soltar el freno to release the brake

freno de disco disc brake

freno de mano handbrake

freno de tambor drum brake

líquido de frenos brake fluid

* * *

1) brake

2) check

3) restraint

* * *

1) (Aut, Mec) brake

- ¡echa el freno, Madaleno!

2) [de caballo] bit

3) (=contención) brake

4) Cono Sur * (=hambre) hunger

* * *

1) (Mec, Transp) brake

- freno de mano

- frenos asistidos

- frenos de aire/disco/tambor

2) (Equ) bit

3) ( contención)

4) frenos masculino plural (Méx) ( para los dientes) braces (pl) (AmE), brace (esp BrE)

* * *

1) (Mec, Transp) brake

- freno de mano

- frenos asistidos

- frenos de aire/disco/tambor

2) (Equ) bit

3) ( contención)

4) frenos masculino plural (Méx) ( para los dientes) braces (pl) (AmE), brace (esp BrE)

* * *

freno¹

¹ = brake.

freno²

² = disincentive, inhibition.

freno³

³ = bit.

Nota: Generalmente de caballo.

* * *

A ( Mec, Transp) brake

revisaron los frenos they checked the brakes

se quedó sin frenos his brakes failed

frenos traseros rear o back brakes

¡echa el freno, Magdaleno! ( Esp fam); cool it! ( colloq), keep your hair on! ( BrE colloq)

emergency brake ( AmE), handbrake ( BrE)

echar or poner el freno de mano to put the emergency brake o handbrake on

soltar or quitar el freno de mano to release the emergency brake o handbrake

mpl power brakes (pl)

mpl air brakes (pl)

mpl disc brakes (pl)

mpl drum brakes (pl)

mpl air brakes (pl)

B ( Equ) bit

(contención): hay que poner freno a estos abusos we must curb these abuses

esto supondría un freno al desarrollo del programa this would slow the program down o hold the program back

si no ponen freno al excesivo gasto público if they do not put a brake on o curb o check excessive public spending

D frenos mpl ( Méx) (para los dientes) braces (pl) ( AmE), brace ( BrE)

* * *

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

a) (Mec, Transp) brake;

◊ freno de mano emergency brake (AmE), handbrake (BrE)

b) (Equ) bit

c) ( contención):

◊ poner freno a algo (a gastos, importaciones) to curb sth;

◊ frenos sustantivo masculino plural (Méx) See Also→ frenillos

* * *

♦ nm

1. [en automóvil] brake;

pisar el freno to step on the brakes;

¡echa el freno! [detente, cállate] that's enough of that!, Br put a sock in it!;

freno automático automatic brake;

frenos de disco disc brakes;

freno hidráulico hydraulic brake;

freno de mano Br handbrake, US emergency brake;

freno neumático air brake;

freno de pie foot brake;

freno de tambor drum brake;

freno de vacío vacuum brake

2. [de caballerías] bit;

morder o [m5] tascar el freno to champ at the bit

3. [contención] check;

la inflación es un freno al crecimiento inflation holds back growth;

una lucha sin freno an all-out struggle;

su deseo de poder no tiene freno his lust for power is insatiable;

poner freno a to put a stop to

♦ nmpl

frenos Méx [en ortodoncia] braces, Br brace

* * *

m brake;

poner freno a algo fig curb sth, check sth

* * *

freno nm

1) : brake

2) : bit (of a bridle)

3) : check, restraint

4) frenos nmpl Mex: braces (for teeth)

* * *

freno n brake

poner el freno to put on the brake [pt. & pp. put]

1) Авиация: area distribution box ( audio/video)

2) Военный термин: Air Defense Board, Application Development Board, Australian Defense Board, Aviation Development Board

3) Техника: Arctic drill barge, advanced digital bipolar

4) Шутливое выражение: Alien Drum Bunny

5) Грубое выражение: Alt Drunken Bastards

6) Металлургия: air-dried basis

7) Сокращение: Application DataBase

8) Электроника: Advanced Digital Bridge

9) Вычислительная техника: A DeBugger, Apple Desktop Bus (Apple), A DeBugger (Unix), Apple desktop bus (шина настольного устройства || Шина, применённая фирмой APPLE, начиная с модели MACINTOSH SE. Позволяет подключать несколько устройств к одному разъёму)

10) Нефть: арктическое буровое судно-баржа (Arctic drill barge)

11) Банковское дело: Азиатский банк развития (Asian Development Bank), Арабский банк развития (Arab Development Bank), Африканский банк развития (African Development Bank)

12) СМИ: Advanced Digital Broadcasting

13) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Amendment to Development Budget (от 2005 г.)

14) Инвестиции: African Development Bank, Arab Development Bank, Asian Development Bank

15) Сетевые технологии: Apple Data Bus, input-device bus

16) Расширение файла: Ada Package Body, Apple Desktop Bus, Appointment database (HP 100LX organizer)

1 plan (proyecto, programa).

hacer planes to plan

plan de adelgazamiento diet

plan de emergencia contingency plan

plan de estudios syllabus

plan de pensiones pension plan

2 date (informal) (ligue).

* * *

► nombre masculino

1 (intención) plan

2 (programa) project

3 (régimen) diet

4 familiar (aventura amorosa) fling; (amante) bit on the side

5 familiar (para salir) plans plural

■ ¿tienes plan para el fin de semana? are you doing anything this weekend?

6 familiar (actitud) mood

■ hoy está en plan tonto he's in a stupid mood today

■ me lo dijo en plan de broma he said it as a joke

\

a todo plan familiar in luxury

estar a plan familiar to be on a diet

no ser plan familiar not to be on

plan de adelgazamiento diet

plan de desarrollo development plan

plan de estudios syllabus

plan de inversiones investment plan

* * *

1) plan

2) scheme

* * *

1) (=proyecto) plan; (=intención) idea, intention

2) [de curso] programme, program (EEUU)

3) * (=manera, actitud)

4) *

- eso no es plan

- a todo plan

- no me hace plan

5) † * (=aventura) date; pey fling *

6) (Med) course of treatment

7) (Topografía) (=nivel) level; (=altura) height

8) Cono Sur, Méx [de barco etc] flat bottom

9) LAm (=llano) level ground; Cono Sur (=falda de cerro) foothills pl

10) And, CAm, Caribe [de espada etc] flat

* * *

1) (proyecto, programa) plan

- plan de campaña

- plan de estudios

- plan maestro

2)

a) (fam) (cita, compromiso)

b) (Esp fam) ( ligue)

3) (fam) ( actitud)

* * *

1) (proyecto, programa) plan

- plan de campaña

- plan de estudios

- plan maestro

2)

a) (fam) (cita, compromiso)

b) (Esp fam) ( ligue)

3) (fam) ( actitud)

* * *

plan¹

¹ = agenda, arrangement, framework, plan, scheme.

plan²

² = fling.

* * *

A (proyecto, programa) plan

hacer planes para el futuro to make plans for the future

plan nacional contra la droga national anti-drugs program o plan

plan de desarrollo development plan

savings plan

plan of action, plan of campaign

syllabus

training scheme

retirement scheme, retirement plan

pension plan, pension scheme

defined benefit pension plan

defined contribution pension plan

flight plan

master plan

1 ( fam)

(cita, compromiso): si no tienes plan para esta noche podríamos ir a cenar if you're not doing anything tonight we could go out for dinner

¿tienes algún plan para este fin de semana? do you have anything planned o do you have any plans for this weekend?, do you have anything on this weekend?

no es plan ( Esp); (no es justo) it's not fair, it's not on ( BrE colloq); (no es buena idea) it's not a good idea